The Parisian club has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 different occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time leveler followed by a successful spot-kick decider to get past their arch-rivals in Kuwait and capture a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup title.
The European champions seemed to be sailing towards a straightforward win in the showdown featuring the French league winners and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele found the scoring in the opening stages.
However, Marseille fired two times late to take a shock lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood scored from the spot-kick, before Willian Pacho inadvertently directed the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a remarkable turn of fortune, the Portuguese striker snatched a vital leveler in the final moments to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial attempts from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, Nuno Mendes, and Desire Doue all converted successfully for PSG to seal a convincing penalty victory.
Now 14-time champions PSG, who faced last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a domestic double, have now won this competition for the twelfth time in the past 13 years.